From Kairos to Kronos: metamorphosis of work in history

Abstract

In this study we aim at considering the changes perceived in the comprehension of the term "work" in relation to subject and time. As a starting point of our consideration, we chose Kronos and Kairos, two Greek myths, to establish a perception of that society in its mythic-erotic state, since we intend to mark the meaning of something that generates life (Kairos) and that of what consumes it (Kronos). Without intending to establish final definitions, our proposal are some dialogues and considerations aiming at delineating a few formulations on the subject work, following the history of Western society, without ignoring the fact that it is only one possible viewpoint among many. This study results from a bibliographical research and, as such, it has a qualitative approach to books, essays and other researches published in relevant databases concerning the theme. The results lead us to infer that in mythic-erotic societies the processes of work were centered in unclear activities, which were mingled with the existence of communities, and there was no clear distinction between work and leisure. On the other hand, changes in production means and industrialization processes led workers to alienation in the production chain and to a limited conscience of this process. Linking this logic to serial production, the worker was no more selling products, but his own time. Thus, we could infer that, notwithstanding some developments, working follows its contemporary perspective, sometimes in Kairos time, when it allows a subjective expression, sometimes taken by Kronos, when the worker is destitute of his creative capabilities.