‘Economia monetária’ ou ‘economia capitalista’? Marx e Keynes: sobre a natureza do capitalismo

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the process of distortion, or neutralization of the fundamental Marxist concept of a ‘capitalist economy’ or ‘capitalist mode of production’, which attempts the assimilation of the Marxist view into the Keynesian concept
of a ‘monetary economy’. Among post-Keynesian authors as well as some Marxists, it has become usual to believe that Marx’s and Keynes’ theories can both be defined as ‘monetary theories of production’ in Keynes’ sense, in view of the supposedly identical relevance attributed to money by both theories. The common procedure has been to assume that Marx’s theory can be associated to the Keynesian view, instead of the opposite, without questioning whether there is a corresponding alternative concept in Marx’s theory, and in that case, in what way it relates to Keynes’ concept. This paper demonstrates the inconsistency of that assumption.