Avaliação das exigências técnicas às exportações Brasileiras de alimentos por árvores de classificação multivariadas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612010000300008Keywords:
technical requirements, food products exports, firms, multivariate classification treesAbstract
The aim of this article is to identify what are the characteristics of the firm that might influence the difficulty of meeting technical requirements. It was conducted a survey with 117 firms and the data were analyzed using multivariate classification trees. It was verified that the most influential characteristic on the difficulty to meet technical requirements is the type of export product and the firms that export "fresh and processed meat and fish" are those that realize the greatest difficulty. The size of the firm, the adoption of international standards and exporting experience also influence the difficulty of adjustment. Micro and small firms that adopt international standards have more difficulties to adjust their products and process to technical requirements than larger firms. The origin of the capital is not relevant to explain the difficulty of adjustment.
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References
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American Statistical Association, Boston, v. 93, p. 180-193, 1998.
BEGHIN, J. C.; BUREAU, J. C. Quantitative policy analysis of sanitary, phytossanitary
and technical barriers to trade. Économie Internationale, Paris, v. 1, n.
87, p. 107-130, 2001.
BURNQUIST, H. L. et al. Análise de evidências sobre a importância de barreiras técnicas à exportação de empresas brasileiras. Revista de Economia Aplicada, Ribeirão Preto, v. 11, p. 209-229, 2007.
CHEN, M. X.; OTSUKI, T.; WILSON, J. S. Do standards matter for export success?
World Bank Policy Research, Washington, 2006. (Working Paper n. 3809).
Disponível em: <http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/
WDSP/IB/2006/01/18/000016406_20060118152026/Rendered/PDF/
wps3809.pdf>. Acesso em: 5 jan 2007.
DE’ATH, G. Multivariate regression trees: a new technique for modeling species-environment
relationships. Ecology, Brooklin, v. 83, n. 4, p. 1105–1117, 2002.
FERRAZ FILHO, G. Barreiras técnicas ao comércio internacional: a experiência
das exportações brasileiras. Revista Brasileira de Comércio Exterior, n. 52, p.
47-56, 1997.
FRAHAN, B. H; VANCAUTEREN, M. Harmonisation of food regulations and trade
in the single market: evidence from disaggregated data. European Review of
Agricultural Economics, v. 33, n. 3, p. 337–360, 2006.
GOODAL, D. W. A new similarity index based on probability. Biometrics, Washington,
v. 22, n. 4, p. 882, 1996.
GREENACRE, M. J. Theory and applications of correspondence analysis. London:
Academic Press, 1984.
KOSTECKI, M. M.; NOWAKOWSKI, M. How do managers view regulatory barriers
to export of services? An empirical investigation of Poland-based firm. Neuchâte:
Université de Neuchâtel, Sep. 2003. Disponível em: <http:// www.unine.ch/
gge/paper/crmm99-04.pdf - Resultado Adicional>. Acesso em: 25 fev. 2007.
LARSEN D. R., SPECKMAN P. L. Multivariate regression trees for analysis of abundance
data. Biometrics, Washington, v. 60, n. 2, p. 543–549, 2004.
LEE, S. K. On generalized multivariate decision tree by using GEE. Computational
Statistics & Data Analysis, Amsterdan, v. 49, n. 4, p. 1105-1119, 2005.
LEE, T. H.; SHIH, Y. S. Unbiased variable selection for classification trees with
multivariate response. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Amsterdan,
v. 51, p. 659-667, 2006.
MASKUS, K. E.; WILSON, J. S; OTSUKI, T. Quantifying the impact of technical
barriers to trade. A framework for analysis. The World Bank Development
Research Group, Dec. 2000. 56p. (Policy Research Working Paper 2512).
MILLER, J.; FRANKLIN, J. Modeling the distribution of four vegetation alliances
using generalized linear models and classification trees with spatial dependence.
Ecological Modelling, Amsterdan, v. 157, n. 2-3, p. 227-247, 2002.
OCDE. An assessment of the costs for international trade in meeting regulatory requirements.
Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Developement.
(Working Party of the Trade Committee 2000). Disponível em: <http://www.
oecd.org/ech/>. Acesso em: 8 set. 2008.
ORSENIGO, C.; VERCELLIS, C. Multivariate classification trees based on minimum
features discrete support vector machines. Journal of Management Mathematics,
Nova York, v. 14, p. 221-234, 2003.
POPPER, S. W.; GREENFIELD, V. ; CRANE,K.; MALIK, R. Measuring economic
effects technical barriers to trade on U.S exporters. Gaithersburg: Md. National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 2004. Disponível em: <http://www.
google.com/search?hl=pt-BR&lr=&q=%22Popper%22+%22Measuring+Eco
nomic+Effects%22>. Acesso em: 13 nov. 2006.
QUAN, Y. 10 trends in technical barriers to trade. Xangai: China Economic
Net, 2005. 4 p. Disponível em: <http://en-1.ce.cn/Insight/200512/28/
t20051228_5655736.shtml>. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2006.
QUANG, L. S.; BAO, H. T. An association-based dissimilarity measure for categorical
data. Pattern Recognition Letters, Amsterdam, v. 26. p. 2549-2557, 2005.
R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. R: a language and environment for statistical
computing. Vienna, Austria: RProjetc.org, 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.Rproject.
org>. Acesso em: 13 out. 2009.
RENCHER, A. C. Methods of multivariate analysis. New York: John Wiley, 2001.
693p.
ROBERTS, D.; ORDEN, D.; JOSLING, T. A framework for analysing technical
barriers to agricultural markets. Washington, DC: Market and Trade Economics
Division, US. Department of Agriculture, 1999. (Thechnical Bulletin, n.
1876)
SEGAL, M. R. Tree-structured methods for longitudinal data. Journal of the American
Statistical Association, Boston, v. 87, p. 407-418, 1992.
TACONELI, C. A. Árvores de classificação multivariadas fundamentadas em coeficientes
de dissimilaridade e entropia. 2008. 100 p. Tese (Doutorado em
Estatística e Experimentação Agronômica) – Escola Superior de Agricultura
“Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 2008.
TACONELI, C. A.; ZOCCHI, S. S.; DIAS, C. T. S. Extensões do algoritmo de árvores
de classificação para a análise de dados categorizados multivariados utilizando coeficientes de dissimilaridade e entropia. Revista Brasileira de Biometria,
Jaboticabal, v. 27, n. 1, p. 93-114, 2009.
THILMANY, D. D.; BARRET, C. B. Regulatory barriers in an integrating world food
market. Review of Agricultural Economics, v. 19, n. 1, p. 91-107, 1997.
THORNSBURY, S. Technical regulations as barriers to agricultural trade. 1998. 192
p. Dissertation (Doctor of Philosophy In Agricultural and Applied Economics)
– Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg,
1998.
UNNEVEHR, L. J. Food safety issues and fresh food product exports from LDCs.
Agricultural Economics, Milwaukee, v. 23, n. 3, p. 231-240, 2000.
VANCAUTEREN, M. The impact of technical barriers to trade on home bias: an
application to EU data. Bruxelles: Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut
de Recherches Economiques et Sociales, Aug. 2002. 36 p. (Discussion paper,
2002032). Disponível em: <http://www.ires.ucl.ac.be/DP/IRES_DP/2002-32.
pdf>. Acesso em: 13 out. 2007.
WILSON, J. S; OTSUKI, T. Standards and Technical Regulations and Firms in Developing
Countries: New Evidence from A World Bank Technical Barriers to
Trade Survey. Washington: The World Bank, 2004a. 55p. Preliminary Draft.
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION. World trade report 2005. Disponível em:
<http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres05_e/pr411_e.htm>. Acesso em:
12 set. 2006.
ZHANG, H. P. Classification trees for multiple binary responses. Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Boston, v. 93, p. 180-193, 1998.
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Copyright (c) 2010 osane Nunes Faria, César Augusto Taconeli, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias
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How to Cite
Faria, R. N., Taconeli, C. A., & Dias, C. T. dos S. (2010). Avaliação das exigências técnicas às exportações Brasileiras de alimentos por árvores de classificação multivariadas. Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo), 40(3), 713-736. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612010000300008
