Facilitação de comércio e impactos sobre o comércio bilateral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612011000100004Keywords:
Trade Facilitation, simplification, gravity modelAbstract
This work evaluates the effects of trade facilitation, defined as the simplification of border procedures, upon bilateral trade for a set of 43 countries, including Brazil and some of the country's major trade partners. For that purpose, two indexes related to simplification of border procedures were constructed for the selected countries: an index about simplification of export procedures and other about simplification of import procedures. A gravity model is used to estimate the relationship between these indexes and the trade pattern between the countries. The results suggest that improvements in trade facilitation lead to higher indexes of trade simplification indexes which may stimulate bilateral trade within the countries.
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References
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APEC. Trade Facilitation and Trade Liberalization: From Shanghai to Bogor. Cingapura, 2004. (APEC Economic Committee). Disponível em: http://www.apec.org/apec/publications. Acesso em: 05 maio 2008.
Baldwin, R.E.; TagAGlioni, D. Gravity for Dummies and Dummies for Gravity Equations. Londres, 2006. (CEPR Discussion Paper No. 5850). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=945443. Acesso em: 12 maio 2008.
BANCO MUNDIAL. World Development Indicators Online (WDI ). Disponível em: http://www.worldbank.org/ . Acesso em: 13 junho 2008.
Behrens, K., Ertu r, C.; Koch , W. ‘Dual’ Gravity: Using Spatial Econometrics to Control for Multilateral Resistance. Belgica, 2007. (CORE Discussion Paper No. 2007/59). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=101. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
Bergst rand, J. H. The Generalized Gravity Equation, Monopolistic Competition, and the Factor-Proportions Theory in International Trade. The Review of Economics and Statistics, Cambridge, v. 71, n. 1, pages 143-53, Fevereiro, 1989.
CEPII. Centre D’Estudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales. Disponível em: http://www.cepii.fr/anglaisgraph/news/accueilengl.htm. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
Cheng, I.; Wall, H. J. Controlling for Heterogeneity in Gravity Models of Trade and Integration. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, St. Louis, v. 87, n. 1, 2005. Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=656201. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
COMTRADE . United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database. Disponível em: http://comtrade.un.org/db. Acesso em: 13 junho 2008.
DEARDOR FF, A.V. Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in a Neoclassical World? Cambridge, 1995. (NBER Working Paper No. W5377). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=93748. Acesso em: 20 maio 2008.
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DOING BUSINESS. Doing Business in 2007: How to Reform. World Bank, Washington, 2007. Disponível em: www.doingbusiness.org. Acesso em: 13 junho 2008.
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FEENSTRA, R. C. Advanced International Trade: Theory and Evidence. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004, 484 p.
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FRANÇOIS J.; MEIJLl, H. van; Tongeren, F. van. Trade Liberalization in the Doha Development Round. Economic Policy, Londres, Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/ecpoli/v20y2005i42p349-391.html. Acesso em: 22 abril 2008.
GREENE , W. H. Econometric Analysis. 2. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1993. 791p.
HELBLE , M.; SHEP HERD , B.; WIL SON , J.S. Transparency and Trade Facilitation in the Asia Pacific: Estimating the Gains from Reform. Washington D.C.: World Bank Development Research Group, 2007. Disponível em: http http://www.worldbank.org. Acesso em: 23 janeiro 2008.
HER TEL , T.W.; WALMSLE Y, T.; ITAKURA, K. 2001. Dynamic Effects of the “New Age” Free Trade Agreement between Japan and Singapore. West Lafayette, 2001. (GTAP Working Papers 823). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/gta/workpp/823.html. Acesso em: 20 abril 2008.
Kee, H.L.; NICITA, A.; Olarreaga, M. Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices. Washington D.C., 2006. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3840). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/3840.html. Acesso em: 15 maio 2008.
LIU, X. GATT/WTO Promotes Trade Strongly: Sample Selection and Model Specification. In: 10th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, West Lafayette, 2007. 10th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 2007.
Logist ics Performa nce Index. Connecting to Compete: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy, The Logistics Performance Index and Its Indicators. World Bank, Washington, 2007. Disponível em: http http://www.worldbank.org. Acesso em: 13 junho 2008.
MACMAP. Market Access Map – UNCTAD/WTO. Disponível em: http://www.macmap.org. Acesso em: 13 junho 2008.
Martinez-Zarzoso, I.; NowaWAk-Lehma nn, F.; Vollmer, S. The Log of Gravity Revisited. Goettingen, 2006. (University of Goettingen Working Paper). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=999908. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
OECD. Quantitative Assessment of the Benefits of Trade Facilitation. Paris, 2003. (OECD Trade Policy Working Papers TD/TD/WP(2003)31/FINAL). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpit/0401008.html. Acesso em: 20 abril 2008.
OECD. The Economic Impact of Trade Facilitation. Paris, 2005. (OEoeCD Trade Policy Working Papers Working Paper TD/TC/WP(2005)12/FIN AL). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/traaab/21-en.html. Acesso em: 19 abril 2008.
OMC. Disponível em: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfa_e.htm. Acesso em: 14 fevereiro 2008.
SADIKOV, A.M. Border and Behind-the-Border Trade Barriers and Country Exports. Washington D. C., 2007. (IMF Working Paper No. 07/292). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1079220. Acesso em: 11 fevereiro 2008.
Santos Silva, J. M. C.; Tenreyro S. The Log of Gravity. The Review of Economics and Statistics, Cambridge, MIT Press, vol. 88, n. 4, 2006. Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/restat/v88y2006i4p641-658.html. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
SHEPHERD , B.; WILSON , J.S. Trade Facilitation in ASEAN Member Countries: measuring progress and assessing priorities. Washington D.C., 2008. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4615). Disponível em: http http://www.worldbank.org. Acesso em: 18 junho 2008.
Siliverst ovs, b.; SchumachCHUMACHer d. Estimating Gravity Equations : To Log or Not to Log? Berlin, 2007. (Discussion Papers of DI W Berlin 739). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/diw/diwwpp/dp739.html. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
Tinbergen, J. Shaping the World Economy: Suggestions for an International Economic Policy. Nova York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1962, 330 p.
UNCTAD. Electronic Commerce and Developing Countries: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis. In: E-commerce and Development Report 2001. Genebra, 2001. Disponível em: http://r0.unctad.org/ecommerce/docs/edr01_en.htm. Acesso em: 05 maio 2008.
WILSON , J.S., MANN , C.L.; OTSUKI , T. Trade Facilitation and Economic Development: Measuring the Impact. Washington D.C., 2003. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2988). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=636350. Acesso em: 12 março 2008.
WILSON , J.S., MANN , C.L.; OTSUKI , T. Assessing the Potential Benefit of Trade Facilitation: A Global Perspective. Washington D.C., 2004. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3224). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=610266. Acesso em: 12 março 2008.
ANDERSON , J.; WINCOOP E. Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle. American Economic Review, American Economic Association, Nashville, v. 93, n. 1, 2003. Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/boc/bocoec/485.html. Acesso em: 20 maio 2008.
ANDERSON , J.; WINCOOP E. Trade Costs. Boston, 2004. (Boston College Working Papers in Economics 593). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/boc/bocoec/593.html. Acesso em: 20 maio 2008.
Anderson, J.; Yotov, Y. The Changing Incidence of Geography. Cambridge, 2008. (NBER Working Paper No. W14423). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1288422. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
APEC. Assessing APE C Trade Liberalization and Facilitation – 1999 Update. Cingapura, 1999. (APEC Economic Committee). Disponível em: http://www.apec.org/apec/publications. Acesso em: 05 maio 2008.
APEC. Trade Facilitation and Trade Liberalization: From Shanghai to Bogor. Cingapura, 2004. (APEC Economic Committee). Disponível em: http://www.apec.org/apec/publications. Acesso em: 05 maio 2008.
Baldwin, R.E.; TagAGlioni, D. Gravity for Dummies and Dummies for Gravity Equations. Londres, 2006. (CEPR Discussion Paper No. 5850). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=945443. Acesso em: 12 maio 2008.
BANCO MUNDIAL. World Development Indicators Online (WDI ). Disponível em: http://www.worldbank.org/ . Acesso em: 13 junho 2008.
Behrens, K., Ertu r, C.; Koch , W. ‘Dual’ Gravity: Using Spatial Econometrics to Control for Multilateral Resistance. Belgica, 2007. (CORE Discussion Paper No. 2007/59). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=101. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
Bergst rand, J. H. The Generalized Gravity Equation, Monopolistic Competition, and the Factor-Proportions Theory in International Trade. The Review of Economics and Statistics, Cambridge, v. 71, n. 1, pages 143-53, Fevereiro, 1989.
CEPII. Centre D’Estudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales. Disponível em: http://www.cepii.fr/anglaisgraph/news/accueilengl.htm. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
Cheng, I.; Wall, H. J. Controlling for Heterogeneity in Gravity Models of Trade and Integration. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, St. Louis, v. 87, n. 1, 2005. Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=656201. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
COMTRADE . United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database. Disponível em: http://comtrade.un.org/db. Acesso em: 13 junho 2008.
DEARDOR FF, A.V. Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in a Neoclassical World? Cambridge, 1995. (NBER Working Paper No. W5377). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=93748. Acesso em: 20 maio 2008.
DIS, A.; FONTAGNÉ, L.; MIMOUNI, M. The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade: Evidence from the SPS and TBT Agreements. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Oxford, v. 90, n. 2, 2008. Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1119018. Acesso em: 17 abril 2008.
DOING BUSINESS. Doing Business in 2007: How to Reform. World Bank, Washington, 2007. Disponível em: www.doingbusiness.org. Acesso em: 13 junho 2008.
DUVAL, Y. Cost and Benefits of Implementing Trade Facilitation Measures under Negotiations at the WTO: an Exploratory Survey. Bangkok, 2006. Working Papers 306 from Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade - ARTNET. Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/esc/wpaper/306.html. Acesso em: 23 janeiro 2008.
FEENSTRA, R. C. Advanced International Trade: Theory and Evidence. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004, 484 p.
FOX, A.K.; T.W.; Francois, J.; Londono-Kent, P. Measuring Border Crossing costs and their Impact on Trade Flows: The United States-Mexican Trucking Case. West Lafayette, 2003. (GTAP Resource #1282). Disponível https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordIDid=1282. Acesso em: 22 abril 2008.
FRANÇOIS J.; MEIJLl, H. van; Tongeren, F. van. Trade Liberalization in the Doha Development Round. Economic Policy, Londres, Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/ecpoli/v20y2005i42p349-391.html. Acesso em: 22 abril 2008.
GREENE , W. H. Econometric Analysis. 2. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1993. 791p.
HELBLE , M.; SHEP HERD , B.; WIL SON , J.S. Transparency and Trade Facilitation in the Asia Pacific: Estimating the Gains from Reform. Washington D.C.: World Bank Development Research Group, 2007. Disponível em: http http://www.worldbank.org. Acesso em: 23 janeiro 2008.
HER TEL , T.W.; WALMSLE Y, T.; ITAKURA, K. 2001. Dynamic Effects of the “New Age” Free Trade Agreement between Japan and Singapore. West Lafayette, 2001. (GTAP Working Papers 823). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/gta/workpp/823.html. Acesso em: 20 abril 2008.
Kee, H.L.; NICITA, A.; Olarreaga, M. Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices. Washington D.C., 2006. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3840). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/3840.html. Acesso em: 15 maio 2008.
LIU, X. GATT/WTO Promotes Trade Strongly: Sample Selection and Model Specification. In: 10th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, West Lafayette, 2007. 10th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 2007.
Logist ics Performa nce Index. Connecting to Compete: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy, The Logistics Performance Index and Its Indicators. World Bank, Washington, 2007. Disponível em: http http://www.worldbank.org. Acesso em: 13 junho 2008.
MACMAP. Market Access Map – UNCTAD/WTO. Disponível em: http://www.macmap.org. Acesso em: 13 junho 2008.
Martinez-Zarzoso, I.; NowaWAk-Lehma nn, F.; Vollmer, S. The Log of Gravity Revisited. Goettingen, 2006. (University of Goettingen Working Paper). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=999908. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
OECD. Quantitative Assessment of the Benefits of Trade Facilitation. Paris, 2003. (OECD Trade Policy Working Papers TD/TD/WP(2003)31/FINAL). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpit/0401008.html. Acesso em: 20 abril 2008.
OECD. The Economic Impact of Trade Facilitation. Paris, 2005. (OEoeCD Trade Policy Working Papers Working Paper TD/TC/WP(2005)12/FIN AL). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/traaab/21-en.html. Acesso em: 19 abril 2008.
OMC. Disponível em: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfa_e.htm. Acesso em: 14 fevereiro 2008.
SADIKOV, A.M. Border and Behind-the-Border Trade Barriers and Country Exports. Washington D. C., 2007. (IMF Working Paper No. 07/292). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1079220. Acesso em: 11 fevereiro 2008.
Santos Silva, J. M. C.; Tenreyro S. The Log of Gravity. The Review of Economics and Statistics, Cambridge, MIT Press, vol. 88, n. 4, 2006. Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/restat/v88y2006i4p641-658.html. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
SHEPHERD , B.; WILSON , J.S. Trade Facilitation in ASEAN Member Countries: measuring progress and assessing priorities. Washington D.C., 2008. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4615). Disponível em: http http://www.worldbank.org. Acesso em: 18 junho 2008.
Siliverst ovs, b.; SchumachCHUMACHer d. Estimating Gravity Equations : To Log or Not to Log? Berlin, 2007. (Discussion Papers of DI W Berlin 739). Disponível em: http://ideas.repec.org/p/diw/diwwpp/dp739.html. Acesso em: 28 novembro 2008.
Tinbergen, J. Shaping the World Economy: Suggestions for an International Economic Policy. Nova York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1962, 330 p.
UNCTAD. Electronic Commerce and Developing Countries: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis. In: E-commerce and Development Report 2001. Genebra, 2001. Disponível em: http://r0.unctad.org/ecommerce/docs/edr01_en.htm. Acesso em: 05 maio 2008.
WILSON , J.S., MANN , C.L.; OTSUKI , T. Trade Facilitation and Economic Development: Measuring the Impact. Washington D.C., 2003. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2988). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=636350. Acesso em: 12 março 2008.
WILSON , J.S., MANN , C.L.; OTSUKI , T. Assessing the Potential Benefit of Trade Facilitation: A Global Perspective. Washington D.C., 2004. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3224). Disponível em: http://ssrn.com/abstract=610266. Acesso em: 12 março 2008.
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Copyright (c) 2011 Maurício Jorge Pinto de Souza, Heloísa Lee Burnquist
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How to Cite
Souza, M. J. P. de, & Burnquist, H. L. (2011). Facilitação de comércio e impactos sobre o comércio bilateral. Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo), 41(1), 91-118. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612011000100004
