Precificação da água e eficiência técnica em perímetros irrigados: uma aplicação da função insumo distância paramétrica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612011000100006Keywords:
willingness to pay for water, price-elasticities, technical efficiency, input-distance function, linear programmingAbstract
Increased pressure on water resources has stimulated the search for mechanisms to induce efficient water use. Getting prices right is an important necessary step toward implementing such mechanisms. This article applies linear programming to estimate the translog logarithm input-distance function, estimate the willingness to pay for water, own and cross-price input elasticities, and detect technical inefficiencies of producers. In so doing, we use data on total production value, irrigated land, labor, capital, water use, and 'other inputs' obtained from 41 producers of public irrigation projects in Sub medium São Francisco River, Brazil. Results indicate that public policies can induce water conservation by credibly charging for water use and providing technical assistance to increase producers' technical efficiency.
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References
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FÄRE, R.; GROSSKOPF, S.; LOVELL, C. A. K.; YAISAWARNG, S. Derivation of shadow prices for undesirable outputs: a distance function approach. Review of Economics and Statistics, v. 75, n. 2, p. 374-380, 1993.
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HAILU, A.; VEEMAN, T. S. Environmentally sensitive productivity analysis of the Canadian pulp and paper industry, 1959-1994: an input distance function approach. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v.40, n. 3, p.251-74, 2000.
JOHANSSON, R. C. Pricing irrigation water: a literature survey. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, n. 2449, p. 1-80, 2000. Disponível em: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/11/04/000094946_00101705305778/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf
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KRAEMER, R. A.; PIELEN, B. M.; LEIPPRAND, A. Economic instruments for water management: Extra-regional experience and their applicability in Latin America and the Caribbena. In: KRAEMER, R.A.; CASTRO, Z. G.; SEROA DA MOTA, R.; RUSSELL, C. (Ed.). Economic instruments for water management:
Experiences from Europe and implications for Latin America and the Caribbean. Wawhington D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank, Regional Policy Dialogue Studies Series, 2003. p. 3-56 Diponível em: <http://www.ecologic.de/download/projekte/1850-1899/1872/1872-01_final_publication.pdf>.
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MARINO, M.; KEMPER K. E. Institutional frameworks in successful water markets. The World Bank Technical Paper, n. 427, 1999.
PICAZO-TADEO, A. J.; REIJ-MARTÍNEZ, E. Calculating shadow wages for family labour in agriculture: an analysis for Spanish citrus fruit farms. Cahiers d’Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n. 75, p. 5-21, 2005.
PINHEIRO , J. C. V.; SHIROTA, R. Determinação do preço eficiente da água para irrigação no projeto Curu-Paraipaba. Revista Econômica do Nordeste, v. 31, n.1 p. 36-47, 2000.
PROGRAMA DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO (PNUD).
Consumo de água diminui em 24 estados. Disponível em: <http://www.pnud.org.br/saneamento/reportagens/index.php?id01=1935&lay=san>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2008.
SEROA DA MOTA, R.; GERES, J. G.; NAUGES, C.; THOMAS, A.; SAADE, A.; SAADE, L. Synthesis of regional experiences: from theoretical to practical issues. In: KRAEMER, R.A.; CASTRO, Z. G.; SEROA DA MOTA, R.; RUSSELL,
C. (Ed.). Economic instruments for water management: Experiences from Europe and implications for Latin America and the Caribbean. Wawhington D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank, Regional Policy Dialogue Studies Series, 2003. p. 73-78 Diponível em: <http://www.ecologic.de/download/projekte/1850-1899/1872/1872-01_final_publication.pdf>.
SILVA, J. L. M. A eficiência dos colonos na agricultura irrigada no vale do São Francisco: uma análise comparativa dos modelos de fronteira paramétrica e não paramétrica. Tese (Doutorado em Economia) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco. 1999.
SMALL, L. E.; CARRUTHERS, I. Farmer financed irrigation: the economics of reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
SUASSUNA, J. Recursos hídricos no Nordeste: a necessidade de gerenciamento. Disponível em: <http://www.confea.org.br/publique/media/saofrancisconordeste.doc>. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2008.
THOBANI, M. Meeting water needs in developing countries: resolving issues in establishing tradable water rights, In: EASTER, K. W; ROSEGRANT, M. W.; DINAR, A. (Ed.). Markets for water: potential and performance. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
TSUR, Y. Economic aspects of irrigation water pricing. Canadian Water Resources Journal, v. 30, n. 1, p. 31-46, 2005.
TSUR, Y. Water regulation via pricing: the role of implementation costs and asymmetric information. In: DINAR, Ariel (Ed.). The political economy of water pricing reforms. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 105-120.
TSUR, Y.; ROE, T. ; DOUKKALI, T. ; DINAR, A. (Ed.). Pricing irrigation water: principles and cases from developing countries. Washington D.C.: Rff Press Book, 2003. 319 p.
VARIAN, H. R. Microeconomic analysis. 3a. ed., New York: Norton & Company, Inc., 1992.
WORLD BANK. World development report 2000/2001: attacking poverty. Washington/New York: World Bank/Oxford University Press, 2001.
ALBINO, J. Abundância e escassez da água: a cobrança pelo uso e um modelo de formação de preços aplicável à bacia hidrográfica GL-1. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco. 2003.
BANDARAGODA, D. J. Design and practice of water allocation rules: lessons from Warabandi in Pakistan’s Punjab: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), 1998, 34p. (Research Report, 17). Disponível em: <http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/IWMI_Research_Reports/PDF/PUB017/REPORT17.PDF>.
BAÑOS-PINO, J.; FERNÁNDEZ-BLANCO, V., RODRÍGUEZ-ÁLVAREZ, A. The allocative efficiency measure by means of a distance function: the case of Spanish public railways. European Journal of Operational Research, v. 137, n.
1, p. 191-205, 2002.
BRISCOE, J. Water as an economic good: The idea and what it means in practice, Cairo: The World Congress of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, September, 1996. Disponível em: <http://www.iph.ufrgs.br/posgrad/disciplinas/hidp04/Briscoe,%20Water%20as%20an%20economic%20
good.pdf>.
CARRAMASCHI, E. C.; CORDEIRO NETO, O. M.; NOGUEIRA, J. M. O preço da água para irrigação: um estudo comparativo de dois métodos de valoração econômica contingente e dose-resposta. Cadernos de Ciência & Tecnologia, v.17, n. 3, p. 59-81, 2000.
CARRERA FERNANDEZ, J. A valorização da água e a cobrança pelo uso: teoria, metodologias e um estudo de caso para a bacia hidrográfica do rio Pirapama em Pernambuco. Ensaios Econômicos, 3. Salvador: UFBA/FCE/CME, 2000.
CHRISTENSEN, L. R.; JORGENSON, D. W.; LAU, L. J. Transcendental logarithmic production frontiers. Review of Economics and Statistics, v. 55, n. 1, p.28-45, 1973.
COGGINS, J. S.; SWINTON, J. R. The price of pollution: a dual approach to valuing SO2 allowances. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 30, n. 1, p. 58-72, 1996.
EASTER, K. W.; HEARNE, R. Water markets and decentralized water resources management: international problems and opportunities. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 31, n.1, p. 9-20, 1995.
FÄRE, R.; GROSSKOPF, S.; LOVELL, C. A. K.; YAISAWARNG, S. Derivation of shadow prices for undesirable outputs: a distance function approach. Review of Economics and Statistics, v. 75, n. 2, p. 374-380, 1993.
FÄRE, R.; PRIMONT, D. Multi-output production and duality: theory and applications.
Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
FARRELL, M. J. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), v. 120, n.3, p. 253-290, 1957.
FÉRES, J.; REYNAUD, A.; THOMAS, A.; SEROA DA MOTTA, R. Competitiveness and effectiveness concerns in water charge implementation: a case study of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin, Brazil. Water Policy, v. 10, n. 6, p. 595–612, 2008.
FGVDADOS. Série de Preços de Vendas de Terras - Lavouras – Brasil. Disponível em: <http://www.fgvdados.fgv.br/bf/dsp_consulta.asp>. Acesso em 31/03/2008.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO). World agriculture: toward 2015/30 – an FAO perspective. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd, 2003.
Disponível em: <http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4252e/y4252e00.htm>.
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO (FADE). Investimentos públicos e privados em agricultura irrigada e seus impactos sobre o emprego e a renda nos pólos de Petrolina/Juazeiro e norte de Minas Gerais. Recife, Março, 1999.
HAILU, A.; VEEMAN, T. S. Environmentally sensitive productivity analysis of the Canadian pulp and paper industry, 1959-1994: an input distance function approach. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v.40, n. 3, p.251-74, 2000.
JOHANSSON, R. C. Pricing irrigation water: a literature survey. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, n. 2449, p. 1-80, 2000. Disponível em: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/11/04/000094946_00101705305778/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf
JOHANSSON, R. C.; TSUR, Y.; ROE, T.L.; DOUKKALI, R.M.; DINAR, A. Pricing and allocation of irrigation water: a review of theory and practice. Water Policy, v. 4, n.2, p.173-199, 2002.
KRAEMER, R. A.; PIELEN, B. M.; LEIPPRAND, A. Economic instruments for water management: Extra-regional experience and their applicability in Latin America and the Caribbena. In: KRAEMER, R.A.; CASTRO, Z. G.; SEROA DA MOTA, R.; RUSSELL, C. (Ed.). Economic instruments for water management:
Experiences from Europe and implications for Latin America and the Caribbean. Wawhington D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank, Regional Policy Dialogue Studies Series, 2003. p. 3-56 Diponível em: <http://www.ecologic.de/download/projekte/1850-1899/1872/1872-01_final_publication.pdf>.
KUMAR, S. Analysing industrial water demand in India: An input distance function approach. Water Policy, v. 8, n. 1 , p. 15-29, 2006.
KUMBHAKAR, S. C.; LOVELL, C. A. K. Stochastic frontier analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
LANNA, A. E. Estudos para cobrança pelo uso de água bruta no estado do Ceará: simulação tarifária para a bacia do Rio Curu. Fortaleza: COGERH, 1995. (Relatório, 2-A).
MARINO, M.; KEMPER K. E. Institutional frameworks in successful water markets. The World Bank Technical Paper, n. 427, 1999.
PICAZO-TADEO, A. J.; REIJ-MARTÍNEZ, E. Calculating shadow wages for family labour in agriculture: an analysis for Spanish citrus fruit farms. Cahiers d’Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n. 75, p. 5-21, 2005.
PINHEIRO , J. C. V.; SHIROTA, R. Determinação do preço eficiente da água para irrigação no projeto Curu-Paraipaba. Revista Econômica do Nordeste, v. 31, n.1 p. 36-47, 2000.
PROGRAMA DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO (PNUD).
Consumo de água diminui em 24 estados. Disponível em: <http://www.pnud.org.br/saneamento/reportagens/index.php?id01=1935&lay=san>. Acesso em: 31 mar. 2008.
SEROA DA MOTA, R.; GERES, J. G.; NAUGES, C.; THOMAS, A.; SAADE, A.; SAADE, L. Synthesis of regional experiences: from theoretical to practical issues. In: KRAEMER, R.A.; CASTRO, Z. G.; SEROA DA MOTA, R.; RUSSELL,
C. (Ed.). Economic instruments for water management: Experiences from Europe and implications for Latin America and the Caribbean. Wawhington D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank, Regional Policy Dialogue Studies Series, 2003. p. 73-78 Diponível em: <http://www.ecologic.de/download/projekte/1850-1899/1872/1872-01_final_publication.pdf>.
SILVA, J. L. M. A eficiência dos colonos na agricultura irrigada no vale do São Francisco: uma análise comparativa dos modelos de fronteira paramétrica e não paramétrica. Tese (Doutorado em Economia) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco. 1999.
SMALL, L. E.; CARRUTHERS, I. Farmer financed irrigation: the economics of reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
SUASSUNA, J. Recursos hídricos no Nordeste: a necessidade de gerenciamento. Disponível em: <http://www.confea.org.br/publique/media/saofrancisconordeste.doc>. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2008.
THOBANI, M. Meeting water needs in developing countries: resolving issues in establishing tradable water rights, In: EASTER, K. W; ROSEGRANT, M. W.; DINAR, A. (Ed.). Markets for water: potential and performance. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
TSUR, Y. Economic aspects of irrigation water pricing. Canadian Water Resources Journal, v. 30, n. 1, p. 31-46, 2005.
TSUR, Y. Water regulation via pricing: the role of implementation costs and asymmetric information. In: DINAR, Ariel (Ed.). The political economy of water pricing reforms. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 105-120.
TSUR, Y.; ROE, T. ; DOUKKALI, T. ; DINAR, A. (Ed.). Pricing irrigation water: principles and cases from developing countries. Washington D.C.: Rff Press Book, 2003. 319 p.
VARIAN, H. R. Microeconomic analysis. 3a. ed., New York: Norton & Company, Inc., 1992.
WORLD BANK. World development report 2000/2001: attacking poverty. Washington/New York: World Bank/Oxford University Press, 2001.
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Copyright (c) 2011 Moisés de Andrade Resende Filho, Felipe Augusto de Araújo, Alexandre Stamford da Silva, Emanoel de Souza Barros
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How to Cite
Resende Filho, M. de A., Araújo, F. A. de, Silva, A. S. da, & Barros, E. de S. (2011). Precificação da água e eficiência técnica em perímetros irrigados: uma aplicação da função insumo distância paramétrica. Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo), 41(1), 143-172. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612011000100006
