Cooperation to innovate in Brazil: differences according to firms’ technological intensity and origin of capital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41615044mwjKeywords:
Cooperation to innovate;, National firms;, Foreign firms;, Industrial developmentAbstract
This paper analyses the innovation performance of manufacturing firms in Brazil with the objective of comparing innovating firms that cooperate with those that do not cooperate, according to firms’ technological intensity and origin of capital. The research question is whether cooperation affects a differentiation in the innovation performance of firms according to categories of technological intensity and origin of capital. Evidences were provided by a compilation of original data from Brazilian Innovation Survey (Pintec/IBGE). The results show that cooperation is decisive for the differentiation of firms’ innovation performance, independently of categories of technological intensity. The origin of capital, in turn, has no influence on the differentiation of firms’ innovation performance. Cooperation occurred mainly with clients, suppliers, and with another firm of the same business group in the case of multinationals. This result contrasts with the literature which emphasizes cooperation with universities and research institutes. The paper concludes that cooperation to innovate is positive for firms’ innovation performance, and that to stimulate firm cooperation may increase the innovativeness of Brazilian manufacturing firms.
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References
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Britto, Jorge. 2002. “Cooperação Interindustrial e Redes de Empresas.” In Economia Industrial: Fundamentos Teóricos e Práticos No Brasil, edited by D. Kupfer and L. Hasenclever, 211–30. Rio de Janeiro: Campus. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-85-352-6368-8.00016-5.
Cassiman, Bruno, and Reinhilde Veugelers. 2002. “R&D Cooperation and Spillovers: Some Empirical Evidence from Belgium.” American Economic Review 92, no. 4: 1169–84. https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344704.
Cassiolato, José Eduardo, Jorge Britto, and M. A. Vargas. 2005. “Arranjos Cooperativos e Inovação Na Indústria Brasileira.” In Inovações, Padrões Tecnológicos e Desempenho Das Firmas Industriais Brasileiras, edited by J. A. De Negri and M. S. Salerno, 511–76. Brasília: IPEA.
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Consoni, Flávia. 2004. “Da Tropicalização Ao Projeto de Veículos: Um Estudo Das Competências Em Desenvolvimento de Produtos Nas Montadoras de Automóveis No Brasil.” 267 p. Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Geociências. Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
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Faria, Pedro de, Francisco Lima, and Rui Santos. 2010. “Cooperation in Innovation Activities: The Importance of Partners.” Research Policy 39, no. 8 (October): 1082–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.05.003.
Fernandes, Ana C A, B. Campello De Souza, A. Stamford Da Silva, Wilson Suzigan, Catari V Chaves, and Eduardo Da Motta E Albuquerque. 2010. “Academy-Industry Links in Brazil: Evidence about Channels and Benefits for Firms and Researchers.” Science and Public Policy 37, no. 7: 485–98. https://doi.org/10.3152/030234210X512016.
Furtado, André Tosi, and Ruy de Quadros Carvalho. 2005. “Padrões de Intensidade Tecnológica Da Indústria Brasileira: Um Estudo Comparativo Com Os Países Centrais.” São Paulo Em Perspectiva 19, no. 1: 70–84.
Gereffi, Gary, John Humphrey, and Timothy Sturgeon. 2005. “The Governance of Global Value Chains.” Review of International Political Economy 12, no. 1 (February): 78–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805.
Gomes, Rogério. 2003. “O Papel Das Subsidiárias e a Internacionalização Das Atividades Tecnológicas Pelas Empresas Transnacionais.” Gestão & Produção 10, no. 3: 267–81. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-530x2003000300004.
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Hatzichronoglou, Thomas. 1997. “Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification.” OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers 1997/02: 26. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/134337307632.
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IBGE. 2004. Pesquisa Industrial de Inovação Tecnológica - Série Relatórios Metodológicos. Edited by Instito Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 30th ed. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE.
IBGE. 2004. Pesquisa Industrial de Inovação Tecnológica 2003. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE.
Kannebley Jr, Sérgio, Geciane S. Porto, and Elaine Toldo Pazello. 2004.“Inovação Na Indústria Brasileira: Uma Análise Exploratória a Partir Da Pintec.” Revista Brasileira de Inovação 3, no. 1: 87–128.
Klevorick, Alvin K, Richard C Levin, Richard R Nelson, and Sidney G Winter. 1995. “On the Sources and Significance of Interindustry Differences in Technological Opportunities.” Research Policy 24, no. 2 (March): 185–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(93)00762-I.
Kline, Stephen J., and Nathan Rosenberg. 1986. “An Overview of Innovation.” In The Positive Sum Strategy, edited by R. Landau and N. Rosenberg, 275–305. Washington: National Academy of Press. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601069810368485.
Koeller, Priscila. 2018. “Dinâmica Da Inovação: Brasil Frente Aos Países Da União Europeia (Indícios de 2014).” Texto Para Discussão IPEA, no. 2371.
Levin, Richard C, Alvin K Klevorick, Richard R Nelson, and Sidney G Winter. 1987. “Appropriating the Returns from and Industrial Research and Development.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 3, no. Special Issue on Microeconomics, 783–831.
Lundvall, Bengt-Åke. 1992. National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinter.
Morceiro, Paulo César. 2018. “Evolution and Sectoral Competiveness of the Brazilian Manufacturing Industry.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Brazilian Economy, edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos Roberto Azzoni, and Werner Baer. New York: Oxford University Press.
OECD. 2017. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017: The Digital Transformation. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pavitt, Keith. 1984. “Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change: Towards a Taxonomy and a Theory.” Research Policy 13: 343–73. https://doi.org/0048-73333/84.
Pearce, Robert D. 1999. “Decentralised R&D and Strategic Competitiveness: Globalised Approaches to Generation and Use of Technology in Multinational Enterprises.” Research Policy 28, no. 2–3: 157–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00115-2.
Pinho, Marcelo. 2011. “A Visão Das Empresas Sobre as Relações Entre Universidade e Empresa No Brasil: Uma Análise Baseada Nas Categorias de Intensidade Tecnológica 1.” Revista de Economia 37, no. especial: 279–306.
Powell, Walter W. 1990. “Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization.” Research in Organizational Behavior 12, no. Jan: 295–336. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429494468-61.
Queiroz, Sérgio, and Ruy de Quadros Carvalho. 2005. “Empresas Multinacionais e Inovação Tecnológica No Brasil.” São Paulo Em Perspectiva 19, no. 2: 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-88392005000200005.
Rama, Ruth. 2008. “Foreign Investment Innovation: A Review of Selected Policies.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 33, no. 4: 353–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-007-9050-2.
Rapini, Marcia Siqueira. 2007. “Interação Universidade-Empresa No Brasil: Evidências Do Diretório Dos Grupos de Pesquisa Do CNPq.” Estudos Econômicos 37, no. 1: 211–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-98482007000100004.
Suzigan, Wilson, Eduardo Da Motta E Albuquerque, Renato Garcia, and Marcia Siqueira Rapini. 2009. “University and Industry Linkages in Brazil: Some Preliminary and Descriptive Results.” Seoul Journal of Economics 22, no. 4: 591–611. https://doi.org/http://www.sje.ac.kr.
Teece, David J. 1998. “Capturing Value from Knowledge Assets: The New Economy, Markets for Know-How, and Intagible Assets.” California Management Review 40, no. 3: 55–79.
Tessarin, Milene Simone. 2018. “O Papel Da Inovação, Diversificação e Vizinhança Setorial No Desenvolvimento Industrial Recente Do Brasil.” 180 p. Tese (Doutorado) - Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Tether, Bruce S. 2002. “Who Co-Operates for Innovation, and Why.” Research Policy 31, no. 6 (August): 947–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00172-X.
Veugelers, Reinhilde. 1997. “Internal R&D Expenditures and External Technology Scouting.” Research Policy 26: 303–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00019-X.
Zucoloto, Graziela F, and José Eduardo Cassiolato. 2012. “Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Por Origem de Capital: A Experiência Brasileira Recente.” Revista Brasileira de Inovação 12, no. 1: 133–70.
Zucoloto, Graziela F, and Rudinei Toneto Jr. 2005. “Esforço Tecnológico Da Indústria de Transformação Brasileira: Uma Comparação Com Países Selecionados.” Revista de Economia Contemporânea 9, no. 2: 337–65.
Zuniga, Pluvia, Fernanda De Negri, Mark A. Dutz, Dirk Pilat, and André Rauen. 2016. “Conditions for Innovation in Brazil: A Review of Key Issues and Policy Challenges.” IPEA Discussion Paper, no. 218: 1–102.
Albuquerque, Eduardo Da Motta E, Leandro Silva, and Luciano Póvoa. 2005. “Diferenciação Intersetorial Na Interação Entre Empresas e Universidades No Brasil.” São Paulo Em Perspectiva 19, no. 1: 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-88392005000100008.
Araújo, Rogério Dias de. 2005. “Esforços Tecnológicos Das Firmas Transnacionais e Domésticas.” In: Inovações, Padrões Tecnológicos e Desempenho Das Firmas Indústriais Brasileiras, edited by Alberto De Negri and Mario Sergio Salerno, 119–70. Brasilia: IPEA.
Arrow, Kenneth J. 1962. “The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 29, no. 3: 155–73.
Bastos, Carlos Pinkusfeld, and Jorge Britto. 2017. “Inovação e Geração de Conhecimento Científico e Tecnológico No Brasil: Uma Análise Dos Dados de Cooperação Da Pintec Segundo Porte e Origem de Capital.” Revista Brasileira de Inovação 16, no. 1: 35–62.
Bell, Martin. 1984. “‘Learning’ and the Accumulation of Industrial Technological Capacity in Developing Countries.” In Technological Capability in the Third World, edited by M Fransman and K King, 187–209. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17487-4_10.
Breschi, Stefano, and Franco Malerba. 1997. “Sectoral Innovation Systems: Technological Regimes, Schumpeterian Dynamics, and Spatial Boundaries.” In Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations, edited by C Edquist, 130–56. London: Pinter A Cassell.
Britto, Jorge. 2002. “Cooperação Interindustrial e Redes de Empresas.” In Economia Industrial: Fundamentos Teóricos e Práticos No Brasil, edited by D. Kupfer and L. Hasenclever, 211–30. Rio de Janeiro: Campus. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-85-352-6368-8.00016-5.
Cassiman, Bruno, and Reinhilde Veugelers. 2002. “R&D Cooperation and Spillovers: Some Empirical Evidence from Belgium.” American Economic Review 92, no. 4: 1169–84. https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344704.
Cassiolato, José Eduardo, Jorge Britto, and M. A. Vargas. 2005. “Arranjos Cooperativos e Inovação Na Indústria Brasileira.” In Inovações, Padrões Tecnológicos e Desempenho Das Firmas Industriais Brasileiras, edited by J. A. De Negri and M. S. Salerno, 511–76. Brasília: IPEA.
Cassiolato, José Eduardo, Marcelo Pessoa de Matos, and Helena M M Lastres. 2014. Empresas Transnacionais e o Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Brasileiro. Edited by José Eduardo Cassiolato, Marcelo Pessoa de Matos, and Helena M. M. Lastres. Desenvolvimento e Mundialização: O Brasil e o Pensamento de Fançois Chesnais. Rio de Janeiro: E-Papers. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2272.6404.
Cohen, Wesley M, and Daniel A Levinthal. 1990. “Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation.” Administrative Science Quarterly 35, no. 1: 128–52.
Consoni, Flávia. 2004. “Da Tropicalização Ao Projeto de Veículos: Um Estudo Das Competências Em Desenvolvimento de Produtos Nas Montadoras de Automóveis No Brasil.” 267 p. Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Geociências. Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
Dunning, John H. 1994. “Multinational Enterprises and the Globalization of Innovatory Capacity.” Research Policy 23, no. 1: 67–88. https://doi.org/0048-7333(94)90027-2.
Erber, Fabio Stefano. 2010. “Inovação Tecnológica Na Indústria Brasileira No Passado Recente: Uma Resenha Da Literatura Econômica.” Textos Para Discussão CEPAL-IPEA, no. 17: 1–84.
Falk, Martin. 2008. “Effects of Foreign Ownership on Innovation Activities: Empirical Evidence for Twelve European Countries.” National Institute Economic Review 204, no. 1: 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0027950108093762.
Faria, Pedro de, Francisco Lima, and Rui Santos. 2010. “Cooperation in Innovation Activities: The Importance of Partners.” Research Policy 39, no. 8 (October): 1082–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.05.003.
Fernandes, Ana C A, B. Campello De Souza, A. Stamford Da Silva, Wilson Suzigan, Catari V Chaves, and Eduardo Da Motta E Albuquerque. 2010. “Academy-Industry Links in Brazil: Evidence about Channels and Benefits for Firms and Researchers.” Science and Public Policy 37, no. 7: 485–98. https://doi.org/10.3152/030234210X512016.
Furtado, André Tosi, and Ruy de Quadros Carvalho. 2005. “Padrões de Intensidade Tecnológica Da Indústria Brasileira: Um Estudo Comparativo Com Os Países Centrais.” São Paulo Em Perspectiva 19, no. 1: 70–84.
Gereffi, Gary, John Humphrey, and Timothy Sturgeon. 2005. “The Governance of Global Value Chains.” Review of International Political Economy 12, no. 1 (February): 78–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805.
Gomes, Rogério. 2003. “O Papel Das Subsidiárias e a Internacionalização Das Atividades Tecnológicas Pelas Empresas Transnacionais.” Gestão & Produção 10, no. 3: 267–81. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-530x2003000300004.
Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78, no. 6: 1360–80.
Guadalupe, Maria, Olga Kuzmina, and Catherine Thomas. 2012. “Innovation and Foreign Ownership.” American Economic Review 102, no. 7 (December): 3594–3627. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.7.3594.
Hatzichronoglou, Thomas. 1997. “Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification.” OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers 1997/02: 26. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/134337307632.
IBGE. 2016. Pesquisa de Inovação 2014. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE.
IBGE. 2004. Pesquisa Industrial de Inovação Tecnológica - Série Relatórios Metodológicos. Edited by Instito Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 30th ed. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE.
IBGE. 2004. Pesquisa Industrial de Inovação Tecnológica 2003. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE.
Kannebley Jr, Sérgio, Geciane S. Porto, and Elaine Toldo Pazello. 2004.“Inovação Na Indústria Brasileira: Uma Análise Exploratória a Partir Da Pintec.” Revista Brasileira de Inovação 3, no. 1: 87–128.
Klevorick, Alvin K, Richard C Levin, Richard R Nelson, and Sidney G Winter. 1995. “On the Sources and Significance of Interindustry Differences in Technological Opportunities.” Research Policy 24, no. 2 (March): 185–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(93)00762-I.
Kline, Stephen J., and Nathan Rosenberg. 1986. “An Overview of Innovation.” In The Positive Sum Strategy, edited by R. Landau and N. Rosenberg, 275–305. Washington: National Academy of Press. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601069810368485.
Koeller, Priscila. 2018. “Dinâmica Da Inovação: Brasil Frente Aos Países Da União Europeia (Indícios de 2014).” Texto Para Discussão IPEA, no. 2371.
Levin, Richard C, Alvin K Klevorick, Richard R Nelson, and Sidney G Winter. 1987. “Appropriating the Returns from and Industrial Research and Development.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 3, no. Special Issue on Microeconomics, 783–831.
Lundvall, Bengt-Åke. 1992. National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinter.
Morceiro, Paulo César. 2018. “Evolution and Sectoral Competiveness of the Brazilian Manufacturing Industry.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Brazilian Economy, edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos Roberto Azzoni, and Werner Baer. New York: Oxford University Press.
OECD. 2017. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017: The Digital Transformation. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pavitt, Keith. 1984. “Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change: Towards a Taxonomy and a Theory.” Research Policy 13: 343–73. https://doi.org/0048-73333/84.
Pearce, Robert D. 1999. “Decentralised R&D and Strategic Competitiveness: Globalised Approaches to Generation and Use of Technology in Multinational Enterprises.” Research Policy 28, no. 2–3: 157–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00115-2.
Pinho, Marcelo. 2011. “A Visão Das Empresas Sobre as Relações Entre Universidade e Empresa No Brasil: Uma Análise Baseada Nas Categorias de Intensidade Tecnológica 1.” Revista de Economia 37, no. especial: 279–306.
Powell, Walter W. 1990. “Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization.” Research in Organizational Behavior 12, no. Jan: 295–336. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429494468-61.
Queiroz, Sérgio, and Ruy de Quadros Carvalho. 2005. “Empresas Multinacionais e Inovação Tecnológica No Brasil.” São Paulo Em Perspectiva 19, no. 2: 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-88392005000200005.
Rama, Ruth. 2008. “Foreign Investment Innovation: A Review of Selected Policies.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 33, no. 4: 353–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-007-9050-2.
Rapini, Marcia Siqueira. 2007. “Interação Universidade-Empresa No Brasil: Evidências Do Diretório Dos Grupos de Pesquisa Do CNPq.” Estudos Econômicos 37, no. 1: 211–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-98482007000100004.
Suzigan, Wilson, Eduardo Da Motta E Albuquerque, Renato Garcia, and Marcia Siqueira Rapini. 2009. “University and Industry Linkages in Brazil: Some Preliminary and Descriptive Results.” Seoul Journal of Economics 22, no. 4: 591–611. https://doi.org/http://www.sje.ac.kr.
Teece, David J. 1998. “Capturing Value from Knowledge Assets: The New Economy, Markets for Know-How, and Intagible Assets.” California Management Review 40, no. 3: 55–79.
Tessarin, Milene Simone. 2018. “O Papel Da Inovação, Diversificação e Vizinhança Setorial No Desenvolvimento Industrial Recente Do Brasil.” 180 p. Tese (Doutorado) - Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Tether, Bruce S. 2002. “Who Co-Operates for Innovation, and Why.” Research Policy 31, no. 6 (August): 947–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00172-X.
Veugelers, Reinhilde. 1997. “Internal R&D Expenditures and External Technology Scouting.” Research Policy 26: 303–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00019-X.
Zucoloto, Graziela F, and José Eduardo Cassiolato. 2012. “Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Por Origem de Capital: A Experiência Brasileira Recente.” Revista Brasileira de Inovação 12, no. 1: 133–70.
Zucoloto, Graziela F, and Rudinei Toneto Jr. 2005. “Esforço Tecnológico Da Indústria de Transformação Brasileira: Uma Comparação Com Países Selecionados.” Revista de Economia Contemporânea 9, no. 2: 337–65.
Zuniga, Pluvia, Fernanda De Negri, Mark A. Dutz, Dirk Pilat, and André Rauen. 2016. “Conditions for Innovation in Brazil: A Review of Key Issues and Policy Challenges.” IPEA Discussion Paper, no. 218: 1–102.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Milene Simone Tessarin, Wilson Suzigan, Joaquim Jose Martins Guilhoto
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Tessarin, M. S. ., Suzigan, W., & Guilhoto, J. J. M. (2020). Cooperation to innovate in Brazil: differences according to firms’ technological intensity and origin of capital. Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo), 50(4), 671-704. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41615044mwj
