Analysis of increasing competition in the civil aviation market with aview to consumer well-being
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-53575521jrjmpKeywords:
Civil aviation, Market concentration, HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index), Consumer surplusAbstract
The Brazilian civil aviation sector has unique characteristics compared to other economic sectors, including a distinct regulatory framework. Among the responsibilities of the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) is the allocation of slots, which are time windows allocated for takeoff or landing operations at airports. This study examines whether a less concentrated distribution of slots, promoting greater competition, can reduce airfare prices, increase the number of passengers, and optimize the distribution of the Brazilian air network. Using an econometric fixed-effects model accounting for month, year, and operator, the impact of slot concentration, measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), on prices and passenger numbers was evaluated. The findings indicate that higher slot concentration among incumbent operators is associated with increased average fares and a decrease in the number of passengers transported, which is undesirable.
Downloads
References
Angrist, Joshua, e Jörn-Steffen Pischke. 2009. Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist’s Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Arcelus, Almudena, Ryan Booth, Aaron M. Fix, Jee-Yeon K. Lehmann, Federico G. Mantovanelli, e Robert S.
Pindyck. 2019. “Scarcity, Market Power, and Prices at Slot-Constrained Airports: Evidence from Mexico City.” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 53 (2): 119–134.
Barbot, Cristina. 2004. “Economic Effects of Re-Allocating Airports Slots: A Vertical Differentiation Approach.” Journal of Air Transport Management 10 (5): 241–248.
Belleflamme, Paul, e Martin Peitz. 2010. Industrial Organization: Markets and Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511757808.
Bilotkach, Volodymyr, Juergen Mueller, e Adél Németh. 2014. “Estimating the Consumer Welfare Effects of De-Hubbing: The Case of Malév Hungarian Airlines.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 66: 51–65. Borenstein, Severin. 1989. “Hubs and High Fares: Dominance and Market Power in the US Airline Industry.” The RAND Journal of Economics 20 (3): 344–365.
Berry, Stephen. 1989. Estimation of a Model of Entry and Exit in Airline City-Pair Markets. Yale University Department of Economics Working Paper.
Berry, Stephen. 1990. “Airport Presence as Product Differentiation.” The American Economic Review 80 (2): 394–399.
CADE. 2016. Guia para Análise de Atos de Concentração Horizontal. Brasília: CADE. De Souza, Thiago Cavalcante, Sarah Farias de Andrade, e Aniram Lins Cavalcante. 2019. “Estrutura de Concorrência e Estratégia de Preço no Mercado Brasileiro de Aviação Civil.” RACE – Revista de Administração, Contabilidade e Economia 18 (3): 565–588.
Fonseca, Ricardo Sampaio da Silva, Caio Cordeiro de Rezende, e Thiago Costa Monteiro Caldeira. 2015. “Alocação de Slots em Aeroportos Congestionados: Análise Econômica dos Mecanismos de Entrada.” RDC 3 (1): 28–63.
Guimarães, Eduardo Augusto de Almeida, e Lúcia Helena Salgado. 2003. A Regulação do Mercado de Aviação Civil no Brasil. Brasília: ANAC.
Leurquin, Pablo, e Mariana Magalhães Avelar. 2016. “Os Desafios Jurídicos e Econômicos da Aviação Regional no Brasil.” Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas 6 (2): 204–220.
Levine, Michael E. 1987. “Airline Competition in Deregulated Markets: Theory, Firm Strategy, and Public Policy.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 4: 34–87.
Morrison, Steven A., et al. 1989. “Enhancing the Performance of the Deregulated Air Transportation System.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics 1989: 61–123.
Miotto, Genossi Rauch, Marcos Antônio de Souza, e Carlos Alberto Diehl. 2008. “Reflexos das Mudanças na Concorrência do Setor de Aviação Comercial Brasileiro: Um Estudo no Âmbito da Desregulamentação Governamental e da Entrada da Companhia Gol. ” ABCustos 3 (2): 107–135.
Miranda, Victor A.P., e Alessandro V.M. Oliveira. 2018. “Airport Slots and the Internalization of Congestion by Airlines: An Empirical Model of Integrated Flight Disruption Management in Brazil.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 116: 201–219.
Oliveira, Alessandro V.M. 2016. “Avaliação Empírica dos Impactos Competitivos de Regras Regulatórias de
Redistribuição de Slots em Aeroportos. ” Journal of Transport Literature 10 (4): 40–44. Pasin, Jorge Antônio
Bozoti, e Sander Magalhães Lacerda. 2003. A Reestruturação do Setor Aéreo e as Alternativas de Política para a Aviação Comercial no Brasil. Brasília: ANAC.
Shy, Oz. 1995. Industrial Organization: Theory and Applications. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Turolla, Frederico Araujo, Maria Fernanda Freire Lima, e Thelma Harumi Ohira. 2011. “Políticas Públicas para a Melhoria da Competitividade da Aviação Regional Brasileira. ” Journal of Transport Literature 5 (4): 188–231.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 José Bento Carlos Amaral Amaral Júnior, Renan Gomes De Pieri, Joelson Oliveira Úbida Sampaio, Murillo Toda, Pierre Oberson Souza
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
By submitting an article, the author authorizes its publication and attests that it has not been submitted to any other journal. The original article is considered final. Articles selected for publication are proofread for grammatical and orthographic errors. The journal does not pay rights for published articles. The Institute of Economic Research from the School of Economics, Business and Accounting of the University of São Paulo (Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo) owns the journal's copyright.
Atualizado em 14/08/2025