Produtividade e crescimento econômico na América Latina: a abordagem da fronteira de produção estocástica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612007000100001Palavras-chave:
crescimento econômico, fronteira estocástica, produtividade total dos fatoresResumo
Este artigo analisa o desempenho da produtividade total de fatores e discute a experiência de crescimento econômico na América Latina. Com este objetivo, estima-se uma função fronteira de produção estocástica na forma de uma translog, com efeitos de ineficiência técnica, para um painel de 19 países, no período de 1961 a 1990. Utilizando-se o índice de produtividade total de Malmquist, o crescimento da produtividade é decomposto em dois componentes: variação tecnológica e variação de eficiência técnica. Por meio desta técnica consegue-se quantificar a contribuição da produtividade ao crescimento da América Latina, identificar as fontes de ineficiência técnica de produção e compreender os fatores determinantes do desempenho das economias latino-americanas. Neste aspecto, examina-se o desempenho relativo do Brasil no contexto da região, identificando-se fatores de natureza comum e aspectos diferenciais marcantes. Entre outras conclusões, a mais relevante é a de que a performance da produtividade total dos fatores foi a principal razão do baixo crescimento econômico da América Latina.Downloads
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