O direito de ler: o que podemos aprender com as neurociências para ampliar as políticas de infância e de literacia

Autores

  • Francisco Mello Castro Stanford University
  • Amanda Séllos Rodrigues Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
  • Flávia Lage Pessoa da Costa Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634202349249518eng

Palavras-chave:

Letramento, Adversidade, Estresse tóxico;, Desenvolvimento cognitivo, Desvantagens cumulativas

Resumo

Experiências adversas no início da vida estão associadas com diversos problemas de saúde e de aprendizagem, e evidências científicas sugerem que elas podem ter impacto de longo prazo no cérebro em desenvolvimento. Condições socioeconômicas precárias parecem reforçar experiências indutoras de estresse e estão conectadas a ambientes desfavorecidos em termos de linguagem. Há indícios de que tais fatores sejam preditores de defasagens em habilidades cognitivas essenciais para o aprendizado da leitura e da escrita, podendo colocar as crianças em caminhos de desvantagens cumulativas em relação à alfabetização e consequente trajetória acadêmica. Nesta revisão bibliográfica, foram analisados os impactos decorrentes de experiências adversas no início da vida, tais como pobreza, violência, abuso, negligência e fome, no desenvolvimento de áreas cerebrais e de habilidades cognitivas essenciais à leitura para propor políticas públicas alternativas que, à luz dos conhecimentos neurocientíficos, possam contribuir para minimizar os impactos causados por tais fatores estressores na trajetória acadêmica de estudantes em situação de vulnerabilidade. Historicamente, no Brasil, os impactos dos fatores estressores são considerados vagamente na formulação de políticas públicas educacionais. Compreender a influência de tais experiências negativas no neurodesenvolvimento e buscar ações para combatê-las pode ser a chave para proporcionar um desenvolvimento cognitivo saudável e garantir o direito das crianças à leitura.

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Publicado

2023-12-22

Como Citar

O direito de ler: o que podemos aprender com as neurociências para ampliar as políticas de infância e de literacia. (2023). Educação E Pesquisa, 49(contínuo), e249518. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634202349249518eng