Language, (meaning)interpretation, form of life: a textual (de)bifurcation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/1982-8837e250037Keywords:
philosophy of language, L. Wittgenstein, text hermeneutics, translationAbstract
This paper revisits the concept of “form(s) of life” used by Ludwig Wittgenstein in his later philosophy. The starting point is a query about what has been termed a text bifurcation, in
the sense of an interpretative dispute that led to different schools in the reception of a given philosopher. The method used is to look at a crucial text passage and then expand the interpretative context up to the point where Wittgenstein’s argumentative strategy, which stages a polyphonic dialogue of contrasting voices involving various themes in a nonlinear manner, is seen in clearer contours. The result is what one could call a text debificurcation, in which disputing views are
made compatible. The discussion is also relevant for an epistemic debate in translation studies, as a byproduct, the main concerns of the paper being of philosophical nature (the dissolution of an only apparent dichotomy).
Downloads
References
AUER, Peter. From codeswitching via language mixing to fused lects: Toward a dynamic typology of bilingual speech. The International Journal of Bilingualism, v. 3, n. 4, 309-332, 1999.
BAYNHAM, Mike; LEE, Tong King. Translation and Translanguaging. London und New York: Routledge, 2019.
BAZ, Avner. Wittgenstein on Aspect Perception. Cambridge University Press: 2020a.
BAZ, Avner. The Significance of Aspect Perception. Bringing the Phenomenal World into View. Springer International Publishing: 2020b.
BEI, Zhien: Wittgenstein’s notion of “Form of Life” and the Source of Cultural Relativism. 38th International Wittgenstein Symposium in Kirchberg am Wechsel. Papers. Neulengbach: Austrian L.-W. Society, 2015, 20-22.
BEN-YAMI, Hannoch. Vagueness and Family Resemblance. In: GLOCK, H-J; HYMEN, J. (eds.). A Companion to Wittgenstein. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2017, 407-419.
BIESENBACH, Hans. Anspielungen und Zitate im Werk Ludwig Wittgensteins. Bergen: The Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen (WAB), 2011.
BONCOMPAGNI, Anna. Wittgenstein and Pragmatism. On Certainty in the light of Peirce and James. London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2016.
BONCOMPAGNI, Anna. Wittgenstein on Forms of Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.
BRUSOTTI, Marco. Wittgenstein, Frazer und die „ethnologische Betrachtungsweise“. Ber-lin: DeGruyter, 2014.
BUSCH, Brigitta. Das sprachliche Repertoire oder Niemand ist einsprachig. Klagenfurt: Drava, 2012.
CASSIN, Barbara. Vocabulaire européen des philosophies: Dictionnaire des intraduisibles. Paris: Seuil, 2004.
CHRISTIANSEN, Morten; CHATER, Nick. The Language Game. New York: Basic Books, 2022.
COSERIU, Eugenio. Falsche und richtige Fragestellungen in der Übersetzungstheorie. In: HEIDERMANN, W. (org.). Clássicos da teoria da tradução. Florianópolis: UFSC, 2010, 252–288.
DEACON, Terrence. The Symbolic Species. The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain. New York & London: Norton & Company, 1997.
FARACO, Carlos Alberto. Prefácio. In: GONÇALVES, R. T. Relativismo linguístico ou como a língua influencia o pensamento. Rio de Janeiro: Vozes, 2020, 12-14.
FRANK, Manfred: Was ist Neostrukturalismus?. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp, 1983.
GADAMER, Hans-Georg. Klassische und philosophische Hermeneutik. In: GRONDIN, J. (Hrsg.). Gadamer Lesebuch. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1997, 32-57.
GARVER, Newton. Form of Life in Wittgenstein’s Later Work. Dieletica v. 44, n. 1-2,175-201, 1990.
GLOCK, Hans-Johann. Relativism, Commensurability and Translatability. In: PRESTON, John (ed.). Wittgenstein and Reason. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008, 21-46.
GONÇALVES, Rodrigo Tadeu. Relativismo linguístico ou como a língua influencia o pen-samento. Rio de Janeiro: Vozes, 2020.
HACKER, Peter. Language, Language Games and Forms of Life. In: PADILLA GÁLVEZ, Jesús; GAFFAL, Margit (Hrsg.). Form of Life and Language Games. Frankfurt, Par-is, Lancaster und New Brunswick: Ontos, 2011, 17-36.
KAHANE, Guy; KANTERIAN, Edward; KUUSELA, Oskari. Wittgenstein and His Interpreters: Essays in Memory of Gordon Baker. Oxford: Blackwell, 2007.
KOPETZKI, Anette. Beim Wort nehmen: Sprachtheoretische und ästhetische Probleme der literarischen Übersetzung. Stuttgart: M & P, 1996.
KRIPKE, Samuel. Wittgenstein — on rules and private language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.
KUSCH, Martin. Wittgenstein on translation. In: E. RAHMHARTER, Esther; KROß, Mathias (Hrsg.). Wittgenstein übersetzen. Berlin: Parerga, 2012, 19-56.
KUUSELA, Oskari. Wittgenstein on Logic as the Method of Philosophy. Re-examining the Roots and Development of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford: OUP, 2019.
LEILICH, Joachim. Ludwig Wittgenstein. In: SBISÀ, Marina; ÖSTMAN, Jan-Ola; VERSCHUEREN, Jef (eds.). Philosophical Perspectives for Pragmatics. Amsterdam und Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2011, 297-308.
MAJETSHAK, Stefan. Forms and Patterns of Life. A Reassessment of a So-Called Basic Concept in the Late Philosophy of Wittgenstein. In: MARQUES, António; VEN-TURINHA, Nuno (orgs.). Wittgenstein on Forms of Life and the Nature of Experi-ence. Bern: Peter Lang, 2010, 75-96.
MARTINS, Helena. A tradução e o (silencioso) devir das formas de vida. In: ESTEVES, Leni-ta; VERAS, Viviane (orgs.): Vozes da tradução. Éticas do traduzir. São Paulo: Hu-manitas, 2014, 221-236.
MARTINS, Helena. Tradução e perspectivismo. Revista Letras, n. 85, 135-149. Curitiba: Editora UFPR, 2012.
MORENO, Arley Ramos. The Epistemology of Language Use: Wittgenstein and Philosophi-cal Pragmatics. Edição de Cristiane Gottschalk, Paulo Oliveira e Rafael Azize. London, New York and Dublin: Bloomsbury, 2025.
MORENO, Arley Ramos. An Epistemology of Usage (Gebrauch) of Language”. In: OLIVEIRA, Paulo, PICHLER, Alois; MORENO, Arley Ramos (eds.). Wittgenstein in/on Translation. Campinas: CLE/Unicamp, 2019, 33-47. Disponível em: https://bit.ly/38IlYRF (16/01/2025)
MORENO, Arley Ramos. La description grammaticale et sa fonction transcendantale. In: SOULEZ, Antonia; MORENO, Arley (orgs.). Grammatical ou transcendantal? Paris: L’Harmattan, 2012a, 43-71.
MORENO, Arley Ramos. Introdução a uma epistemologia do uso. Caderno CRH, v. 25 n. 2, 73-75, 2012b.
MORENO, Arley Ramos. Introduction à une épistémologie de l’usage, Paris: L’Harmattan, 2011.
MORENO, Arley Ramos. Bild: From Satz to Begriff. In: HEINRICH, R.; NEMETH, E.; PICH-LER, W.; WAGNER, David (eds.). Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science and the Arts. Proceedings of the 33rd International Ludwig Wittgenstein-Symposium, v. 1, 73–107. Kirchberg: Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society, 2010.
MORENO, Arley Ramos. Wittgenstein através das imagens. Campinas: Editora da Uni-camp, 1993.
MOYAL-SHARROCK, Danièle. Understanding Wittgenstein’s On Certainty. New York: Pal-grave, 2007.
NEDO, Michael. Wittgensteins Gedankenbewegungen am Beispiel seines zweiten Buchpro-jekts, des Big Typescript. In: Wittgenstein Symposium 2023. Kirchberg am Wechsel 2023.
PADILLA GÁLVEZ, Jesús; GAFFAL, Margit. Form of Life and Language Games. An Intro-duction. Forms of Life and Language Games. Frankfurt, Paris, Lancaster and New Brunswick: Ontos, 2011, 7-16.
PAGEL, Mark. Wired for Culture. Origins of the Human Social Mind. New York und Lon-don: Norton & Company, 2012.
OLIVEIRA, Paulo. On visibility: A Wittgensteinian stance. In LEAL, Alice; CERCEL, Larissa (eds.): The Translator’s Visibility, 131-163. New York und London: Routledge, 2025a.
OLIVEIRA, Paulo. Moreno’s Sign-Theory after Wittgenstein. In: GORLÉE, Dinda (ed.). Witt-genstein & Semiotics. Leiden und Boston: Brill, 2025b, 71-113.
OLIVEIRA, Paulo. Translation: a family of “moves” in distinct language-games. Ideação (UEFS), v. 1, 225-243, 2023. https://doi.org/10.13102/ideac.v1i47.8786
OLIVEIRA, Paulo. Aggregates in the deed: Wittgenstein’s surveyable representations, family resemblance, and translation theory. In: SPITZER, David Morgan (ed.): Philosophy’s Treason. Wilmington: Vernon Press, 2020, 19-43.
OLIVEIRA, Paulo. Traduzir o radicalmente outro: rumo a uma epistemologia do traduzir. Tradução em Revista (Online), v. 19, 148-165, 2015a.
OLIVEIRA, Paulo. Translation, Sprache und Wahrnehmung. Pandaemonium Germanicum v. 18, n. 25, 91-120, 2015b.
OLIVEIRA, Paulo. Relative but real and binding: how family resemblance and normative use have found their way into Translation Studies (TS). 38th International Wittgen-stein Symposium in Kirchberg am Wechsel. Papers. Neulengbach: Austrian L.-W. Society, 2015c, 224-226.
OLIVEIRA, Paulo; AZIZE, Rafael. Do rigorosamente vago e seu papel na tradução (Of the rigorously vague and its role in translation). Tradterm. São Paulo, n. 40, 180-202, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-9511.v40p180-202 (16/01/2025).
OLIVEIRA, Paulo; GOTTSCHALK, Cristiane; AZIZE, Rafael. Editorial Afterword: Situating Arley Moreno in the Current Philosophical Context. In: MORENO, A. The Episte-mology of Language Use. Wittgenstein and Philosophical Pragmatics. London, New York, Oxford, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2025, 103-120.
PEARS, David. Paradox and platitude in Wittgenstein’s Philosophy. Oxford: OUP, 2008.
PICHLER, Alois. Reflections on a Prominent Argument in the Wittgenstein Debate. Philoso-phy and Literature, v. 37, n. 2, 435–50, 2013.
RAJAGOPALAN, Kanavillil. A irredutibilidade do ato ilocucionário como fator inibidor do êxito das tentativas taxonômicas. DELTA 8(1), v. 8, n. 1, 91-133, 1992.
READ, Ruppert. “The first shall be the last and the last shall be the first”. A new reading of On Certainty. In: MOYAL-SHARROCK, D.; BRENNER, W. (eds).: Readings of Witt-genstein’s On Certainty. London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2007, 302-321.
RICŒUR, Paul. Uma “Passagem”: Traduzir o intraduzível. In: RICŒUR, Paul. Sobre a tradução. Tradução de Paula Leville. Belo Horizonte: UFMG, 2011, 59-71.
SCHULTE, Joachim. Die Revision der englischen Übersetzung von Wittgensteins Philoso-phischen Untersuchungen. Ein Erfahrungsbericht. In: KROß, Manfred; RAMHAR-TER, Esther (Hrsg.). Wittgenstein Übersetzen. Berlin: ParErga, 2012, 173-194.
STECCONI, Umberto. Interpretive semiotics and translation theory: The semiotic conditions to translation. Semiotica, v. 150 n. 1/4, 1-20, 2004.
TOMASELLO, Michael. Origins of Human Communication. Cambridge und London: Brad-ford and MIT, 2008.
THOMSON, James. Translating Form(s)-of-Life? Remarks on Cultural Difference and Al-terity. In: MÁRQUES, António; VENTURINHA, Nuno (eds.): Wittgenstein on Forms of Life and the Nature of Experience, Bern: Peter Lang, 2010, 97-112.
TYMOCZKO, Maria. Enlarging Translation, Empowering Translators. London: Routledge, 2014.
WILSON, Philip. Translation after Wittgenstein. Abingdon und New York: Routledge, 2016.
WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig. Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung: die Hundertjahrausgabe. Der Tractatus in Baumform [“Tractus”, no original de 1921]. Organização de Luci-ano Bazzocchi; Introdução de P. S. M. Hacker. London und New York: Anthem Press, 2021.
WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig. Philosophische Untersuchungen = Philosophical Investigations. ([PU] 4.). 1ª ed. revisada e bilíngue. Edição de P. S. M. Hacker e J. Schulte. Tradução para o inglês de G. E. M. Anscombe, P. S. M. Hacker e J. Schulte. Malden and Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 20094/1
WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig. Culture and Value. A Selection from the Posthumous Remains. [CV]. Edição bilíngue de G. H. von Wright e H. Newman. Tradução para o inglês de P. Winch. Revisão de A. Pichler. London, Blackwell, 2006.
WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig. Bemerkungen über die Farben. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1978.
WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig. Über Gewissheit = On Certainty. [ÜG]. Edição bilíngue de G. E. Anscombe e G. H. von Wright do original de 1969. Tradução para o inglês de D. Paul e G. E. M. Anscombe. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004.
WITTGENSTEIN, L. Bemerkungen über die Grundlagen der Mathematik. [BGM]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1967.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Pandaemonium Germanicum

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.