Analyzing generalized identity matching by contingencies of three and four terms: Implications for stimulus equivalence

Abstract

By expanding the three-term contingency into units of four or more elements, new perspectives to comprehend complex behaviors have been opened, such as conceptual and symbolic behaviors modeled by equivalence classes. In the experimental investigation, the matching-to-sample procedure has been employed to establish conditional discriminations. Particularly, a generalized identity matching performance has been considered to demonstrate the acquisition of the concepts of sameness and difference. As we analyze, the concepts comprehension search, based on conditional discriminations, has been responsible for the failures to demonstrate them in non-human subjects. In this paper, the distinctions between the discriminative processes that lead to a reflexivity performance in an equivalence class and the generalized matching to sample is examined and discussed.