The origin of Islam. The Muslim universe. Quran and the châr’ia

Abstract

Islam currently continues to expand sot that among five individuals in the world today, one is Muslim. In counting more than 2 billion of believers, it is the second largest Religion in the History of Religions. It is registered that 60% of the intellectuals who convert at their choice, make Islam more than a Religion: affirm a respectable Nation without borders, due to the spirit of universality that transcends any distinction of race, allowing each people the integration to the scope of Islam and, at the same time, conservation of the own culture. Before Islam, social life in the Arabian Peninsula was affected by the customs and practices that disgusted reason and conscience. Polygamy, the inheritance of women, considered a object, and the practice of obscenity are some of the signs; in short, a chaotic situation of Arab coexistence before Islam. Jews and Christians, despite being propagators, were unable to bring the Arabs united or make them into one nation. In the core of this religious, social and political chaos, Mohammed (Muhammad), bestowed by the Qura’n, preached obedience and worship to a Unique God, respect for human beings, appreciation of thought and mind, promoting new ethics, new Laws as well as moral codes. Specialist in the Muslim World, Peter Demant, professor at USP, stated that “the originality of Islam is inserted in its positive, simple political and social program and reduces it ‘to the restoration of châr’ia as a mandatory law’. Islamists and many other Muslims undoubtedly recognize themselves in this formula, as it is too vague, remembering that the châr’ia is not a finished system, but a method for deduction based on Islamic sources, mandatory rules (solutions) on a wide range of ritual, social, economic, family, behavioral, legal and political issues. Finally, there is no legally-based consensus on the sources of applications that develop with the evolution of society, which, in turn, always infiltrates new challenges, so that experts do not agree on their content. There are many fundamentalist movements and tendencies differentiated from each other, which are presented in the expository development of the article.