Los beneficios del ejercicio físico sobre la salud mental y el deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores: una revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad.2023.188376Palabras clave:
Anciano, Ejercicio Fisico, Salud Mental, Disfunción CognitivaResumen
Objetivo: analizar la producción científica sobre el impacto del ejercicio físico en la salud mental
de las personas mayores. Metodología: se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura,
realizada en 2021, cuya pregunta orientadora fue: ¿Cuáles son los beneficios del ejercicio físico
en la salud mental de las personas mayores? La búsqueda de producciones se realizó en las
bases de datos Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science y National Library of Medicine
del National Institutes of Health, utilizando los descriptores controlados “anciano”, “ejercicio
físico”, “salud mental” y “disfunción cognitiva”. Resultados: después de aplicar los criterios de
inclusión y exclusión, así como de la lectura del título y resumen y posterior lectura completa
de los estudios, quedaron 19 producciones, sobre las cuales se analizó el nivel de evidencia.
Los resultados revelaron los siguientes beneficios relacionados con la práctica de ejercicios
físicos: mejores puntajes en el Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE); mejor autopercepción
de la salud mental; prevención del deterioro cognitivo y retraso en su progresión; disminución
de los signos y síntomas depresivos y desarrollo de relaciones sociales efectivas y duraderas.
Conclusión: los artículos revelaron que la práctica de ejercicio físico por los adultos mayores
puede ayudar a controlar el deterioro cognitivo y la aparición de problemas de salud mental,
y propiciar el desarrollo de relaciones sociales efectivas y duraderas, factores relacionados con
una mejor calidad de vida y bienestar.
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Derechos de autor 2023 SMAD, Revista Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool e Drogas (Edição em Português)
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