Health is Wealth

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-0447.ars.2026.249133

Keywords:

Andy Warhol, AIDS, Masculinity, Painting

Abstract

Resisting interpretations that portray Andy Warhol as politically indifferent or aesthetically detached from the AIDS crisis, this study draws on art-historical analysis and archival research to examine the artist’s diaries, paintings, photographs, and collaborative works produced between 1981 and 1987, arguing that the epidemic did not generate direct activism in Warhol’s practice, but instead fundamentally reoriented his artistic imagination. Through works such as The Last Supper, AIDS/Jeep/Bicycle, Be Somebody with a Body, and Physiological Diagrams, Warhol shifted from strategies of publicity and erotic display toward an obsessive engagement with bodily preservation, physical fitness, mortality, and masculine visibility. Rather than expressing mourning through explicit political imagery, part of his production reframed health itself as an aesthetic and affective problem, offering a new perspective on the relationship between gay subjectivity and perceptibility in the final years of his career.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Leonardo Nones, University of São Paulo

    Leonardo Nones holds a PhD and an MA in Visual Arts from the University of São Paulo (PPGAV-ECA-USP). His doctoral research, which focused on Andy Warhol’s work from 1976 to 1983, was supported by a CAPES scholarship and visiting scholar grants at Wayne State University and Columbia University. He also holds a bachelor’s degree in Philosophy from the University of São Paulo (FFLCH-USP).

References

ALTMAN, Lawrence. New Homosexual Disorder Worries Health Officials. The New York Times, New York, 11 May 1982, Section C, p. 1. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/11/science/newhomosexual-disorder-worrieshealth-officials.html>. Accessed on: 6 Jan. 2026.

ALTMAN, Lawrence. Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals. The New York Times, New York, 3 July 1981, Section A, p. 20. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/03/us/rare-cancer-seen-in-41-homosexuals.html>. Accessed on: 6 Jan. 2026.

BECK, Jessica. Warhol’s Confession: Love, Faith, and AIDS. In DE SALVO, Donna (ed.). Andy Warhol: From A to B and Back Again. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 2018, p. 84-95.

BECK, Jessica. Love on the Margins: A Case for Andy Warhol and Jon Gould. In PHELAN, Peggy; MEYER, Richard (eds.). Contact Warhol: Photography Without End. Stanford: Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University; Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2018. p. 156-167.

BECK, Jessica. Andy Warhol: My Perfect Body. Pittsburgh: The Andy Warhol Museum, 2016.

BOST, Darius. Evidence of Being: The Black Gay Cultural Renaissance and the Politics of Violence. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2018.

DILLENBERGER, Jane Daggett. The Religious Art of Andy Warhol. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 1998.

ENGLISH, Darby. 1971: A Year in the Life of Color. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2016.

FLATLEY, Jonathan. Warhol Gives Good Face: Publicity and the Politics of Prosopopoeia. In DOYLE, Jennifer; FLATLEY, Jonathan; MUÑOZ, José Esteban (eds.). Pop Out: Queer Warhol. Durham and London:Duke University Press, 1996, p. 101-133.

FOUCAULT, Michel. Friendship as a Way of Life. In FOUCAULT,Michel. Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. Vol. 1. New York: The New Press, 1997, p. 135-140.

GOLDSMITH, Kenneth. I'll Be Your Mirror: The Selected Andy Warhol Interviews, 1962-1987. Cambridge: Da Capo Press, 2004.

GOPNIK, Blake. Andy Warhol’s Death: Not So Simple, After All. The New York Times, New York, 21 Feb. 2017, Arts section. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/21/arts/design/andy-warhols-deathnot-so-routine-after-all.html>. Accessed on: 6 Jan. 2026.

GRAW, Isabelle. When Life Goes to Work: Andy Warhol. October, Cambridge (MA), n. 132, p. 99-113, 2010.

HEMPHILL, Essex. Ceremonies: Prose and Poetry. New York: Plume, 1992.

KOESTENBAUM, Wayne. Andy Warhol: A Biography. New York: Open Road Media, 2015.

NONES, Leonardo. Andy Warhol 1976-1983. 2026. Tese (Doutorado em Artes) – Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.

RATCLIFF, Carter. Andy Warhol: Inflation Artist. Artforum, New York, vol. 23, n. 7, p. 68-75, Mar. 1985. Available at: <https://www.artforum.com/features/andywarhol-inflation-artist-207465/>. Accessed on: 6 Jan. 2026.

VILLIERS, Nicholas de. Opacity and the Closet: Queer Tactics in Foucault, Barthes, and Warhol. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012.

WARHOL, Andy. The Andy Warhol Diaries. Edited by Pat Hackett. New York: Warner Books, 1989.

WATNEY, Simon. The Spectacle of AIDS. In CRIMP, Douglas (ed.). AIDS: Cultural Analysis/Cultural Activism. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1988, p. 71-86.

Published

2026-10-22

Data Availability Statement

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

Issue

Section

Articles