The Right to Look from Foucault, Spivak, and Mbembe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-0447.ars.2020.169553Keywords:
Visuality, Subordination, Necropolitics, InvisibilityAbstract
This essay adopts Foucault’s thinking as a basis to deepen the notion of the “right to look” while claiming a position in the debate on “how to see”. After contextualizing the subject, I review two specific texts that criticize Foucault: Can the Subaltern Speak? by Gayatri Spivak, and Necropolitics by Mbembe. From the first, I extract the general idea that the right to look is the opposite of the right to “see without being seen”. From the second, I deduce an opacity and invisibility management function that the necropolitics exerts in conjunction with biopolitics. Finally, I argue that, if all “seeing” depends on “not seeing”, the right to look demands a position that is always to be built.
Downloads
References
AGAMBEN, Giorgio. Lo stato d’eccezione provocato da un’emergenza immotivata. Il Manifesto, 26 fev. 2020. Disponível em: https://ilmanifesto.it/lostato-deccezione-provocato-da-unemergenza-immotivata/. Acesso em: 28 abr. 2020.
BALES, Kevin. Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012.
BARAD, Karen. On touching: the inhuman that therefore I am. differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 23(3), 2012, pp. 206–223.
BARBOSA, Jonnefer. Políticas de desaparecimento e niilismo de Estado. Pandemia Crítica, 14 de abril de 2020. Disponível em: https://n-1edicoes.org/024. Acesso em: 28 abr. 2020.
BECCARI, Marcos N. Os lugares de um (a)lugar de fala. Revista Não Obstante, 3(1), pp. 12-20, jan./jun. 2018. Disponível em: http://www.naoobstante.com.br/2018/06/04/revista03/. Acesso em: 28 abr. 2020.
BECCARI, Marcos N. O clichê de Deleuze. Revista Não Obstante, 4(1), pp. 25-36, jan./jun. 2019. Disponível em: http://www.naoobstante.com.br/2019/06/13/revista-no-4/. Acesso em: 28 abr. 2020.
BIGO, Didier. Regimes of Visibility: The Dis-Time of Security and Visibility in Contemporary Governmentalities. An Interview with Didier Bigo. materiali foucaultiani, VI(11-12), jan./dec. 2017, pp. 83-92.
BUTLER, Judith. Vida precária: os poderes do luto e da violência. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2019.
DE CAUWER, Stijn; CHRISTIAENS, Tim. The Multitude Divided: Biopolitical Production during the Coronavirus Pandemic. Rethinking Marxism, Dossier “Pandemic and the Crisis of Capitalism”, verão 2020, pp. 118-127.
DU BOIS, William E. B. The Souls of The Black Folk. New York: Dover Publications, 1994.
ENGELKE, Antonio. Pureza e Poder: os paradoxos da política identitária. Revista Piauí, v. 132, setembro de 2017.
FOSTER, Hal. O retorno do real: A vanguarda no final do século XX. São Paulo: Cosac Naify, 2014.
FOUCAULT, Michel. A ordem do discurso: Aula inaugural no Collège de France pronunciada em 2 de dezembro de 1970. São Paulo: Loyola, 1996.
FOUCAULT, Michel. As palavras e as coisas: uma arqueologia das ciências humanas. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2000.
FOUCAULT, Michel. Ditos e escritos II: Arqueologia das ciências e história dos sistemas de pensamento. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 2005a.
FOUCAULT, Michel. Em defesa da sociedade: Curso no Collège de France (1975-1976). São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2005b.
FOUCAULT, Michel. A Função Política do Intelectual. In FOUCAULT, Michel. Ditos e Escritos VII: Arte, Epistemologia, Filosofia e História da Medicina. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 2011, pp. 213-219.
FOUCAULT, Michel. A verdade e as formas jurídicas. Rio de Janeiro: Nau, 2013.
FOUCAULT, Michel. Microfísica do poder. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 2018.
FOUCAULT, Michel. Meu Corpo, Este Papel, Este Fogo. In FOUCAULT, Michel. História da Loucura na idade clássica. 12ª ed. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2019.
GLISSANT, Édouard. Pela opacidade. Revista Criação & Crítica, n. 1, 2008, pp. 53-55.
HARAWAY, Donna. Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies, 14(3), outono 1988, p. 575-599.
LATOUR, Bruno. An Inquiry Into Modes of Existence: An Anthropology of the Moderns. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013.
LORENZINI, Daniele. Biopolitics in the Time of Coronavirus. Critical Inquiry, 2 abril 2020. Disponível em: https://critinq.wordpress.com/2020/04/02/biopolitics-in-the-time-of-coronavirus/. Acesso em: 28 abr. 2020.
LORENZINI, Daniele; TAZZIOLI, Martina. Confessional subjects and conducts of non-truth: Foucault, Fanon, and the making of the subject. Theory, Culture & Society, 35(1), jan. 2016, pp. 71-90.
LORENZINI, Daniele; TAZZIOLI, Martina. Critique without ontology: Genealogy, collective subjects and the deadlocks of evidence. Radical Philosophy, 207(2),
primavera 2020, pp. 27-39.
MACHADO, Roberto. Impressões de Michel Foucault. São Paulo: n-1, 2017.
MBEMBE, Achille. Necropolítica: biopoder, soberania, estado de exceção, política da morte. São Paulo: n-1, 2018.
MBEMBE, Achille. The Universal Right to Breath. Critical Inquiry, 13 abril 2020. Disponível em: https://critinq.wordpress.com/2020/04/13/the-universalright-to-breathe/. Acesso em: 28 abr. 2020.
MIRZOEFF, Nicholas. The right to look: A Counterhistory of Visuality. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011, p. 24.
NOGUERA, Renato. Dos condenados da terra à necropolítica: diálogos filosóficos entre Frantz Fanon e Achille Mbembe. Revista Latino Americana do Colégio Internacional de Filosofia, n. 3, 2018, pp. 59-73.
PRECIADO, Beatriz. Entrevista com Beatriz Preciado por Jesús Carrillo. Revista Poiésis, n. 15, jul. 2010, pp. 47-71.
PRECIADO, Paul. Manifesto contrassexual: Práticas subversivas de identidade sexual. São Paulo: n-1, 2017.
SANDOVAL, Chela. New Sciences: Cyborg Feminism. In WOLMARK, Jenny (ed.). CyberSexualities: A Reader on Feminist Theory, Cyborgs and Cyberspace. Londres: University of Edinburgh Press, 2000.
SPIVAK, Gayatri. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. Cambridge/London: Harvard University Press, 1999.
SPIVAK, Gayatri. Pode o subalterno falar?. Belo Horizonte: UFMG, 2010
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Marcos Namba Beccari
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The responsibility for obtaining written permission to use in the articles materials protected by copyright law lies entirely with the author(s). Ars is not responsible for copyright breaches made by its collaborators.
The authors have the copyrights and grant the journal the right of the first publication, with the article licensed under the Creative Commons BY-CC License.
Licensees have the right to copy, distribute, display, and carry out the work and make derivative works from it, including with commercial purposes, granted that they give the due credit to the author or licensor, as specified by them.
Licensees compromise to inform the appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
Respected the terms of the license, the licensors/authors are not allowed to revoke the conditions above mentioned.
After the publication of the articles, the authors keep the copyrights and the rights to republish the text exclusively in unpublished books and collections.