Materiais, equipamentos, métodos e objetivos: outra revolução química?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662012000400003Keywords:
History of chemistry, Chemical revolution, Chemical experiments, KuhnAbstract
Amongst the different factors associated with a paradigm shift, and hence with a chemical revolution, the least discussed is that involving the so-called exemplary experiments: radical changes in chemistry's methodology and empirical procedures. In the case of natural and empirical sciences such changes may lead to obtaining previously inaccessible experimental data, and ultimately to a new approach to concepts, theories and hypotheses, that becomes the triggering factor for a chemical "revolution", a new paradigm. Much more than a chemical revolution, we should consider a gradual chemical evolution. We chose three situations as "exemplary": the change of empirical procedures in pneumatic chemistry with the use of the pneumatic trough containing mercury; the introduction of solvent extraction in substitution to the pyrogenic method for the extraction of natural organic compounds; a new understanding of "chemical analysis" associated with the substitution of sample comparison by analytic decomposition.Downloads
References
Alma Mater Lipsiensis. Leipzig: Edition, 1984. Disponível em: <http://www.uni-leipzig.de/chemie/ch_hist.htm>. Acesso em: 10 mar. 2000.
Bachelard, G. A formação do espírito científico: contribuição para uma psicanálise do conhecimento. Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto, 1996.
Bernal, J. D. Ciência na história. Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, 1969.
Debus, A. The chemical philosophy. New York: Dover, 2002 [1997].
Ginsborg, H. Two kinds of mechanical inexplicability in Kant and Aristotle. Journal for the History of Philosophy, 42, p. 33-65, 2004.
Goethe, J. W. von. Maximen und reflexionen. In: Stapf, P. (Ed.). Goethes werke. Berlin/Darmstadt: Deutsche Buchgemeinschaft, 1956. v. 1.
Holmes, F. Analysis by fire and solvent extraction: metamorphosis of a tradition. Isis, 62, p. 129-48, 1971.
Holmyard, E. Alchemy. New York: Dover, 1990.
Jensen, W. Logic, history and the chemistry textbook III. One chemical revolution or three? Journal of Chemical Education, 75, p. 961-9, 1998.
Kober, F. Die Entdeckung des Elementes Germanium. Chemiker-Zeitung, 111, p. 78-81, 1987.
Kuhn, T. A estrutura das revoluções científicas. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 1975.
Kuhn, T. The road since structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Lavoisier, A. L. Traité élémentaire de chimie. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1937 [1789].
Lavoisier, A. L. Mémoires the chimie. Paris: s.n., 1805. v. 2.
Liebig, G. Liebigs eigenhändige biographische Aufzeichnungen. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 23, p. 785-816, 1890.
Maar, J. H. Goethe e a história da ciência. Episteme, 11, p. 95-116, 2006.
Meinel, C. Chemistry’s place in eighteenth and nineteenth century. History of Universities, 8, p. 89-115, 1988.
Oldroyd, D. An examination of Stahl’s philosophical principles of universal chemistry. Ambix, 20, p. 36-52, 1976.
Partington, J. R. A short history of chemistry. New York: Dover, 1957 [1937].
Partington, J. R. A history of chemistry. London: Macmillan, 1962. v. 3.
Read, J. From alchemy to chemistry. New York: Dover, 1995.
Seitz, F. Henry Cavendish: the catalyst for the chemical revolution. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 148, p. 151-79, 2004.
Szabadváry, G. History of analytical chemistry. London: Pergamon, 1965.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Scientiae Studia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
A revista detém os direitos autorais de todos os textos nela publicados. Os autores estão autorizados a republicar seus textos mediante menção da publicação anterior na revista. A revista adota a Licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.
