Geology and geochemistry of Serra Preta miocenic volcanism, Pedro Avelino/RN, NE Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v22-189476Keywords:
Mafic volcanism, Intraplate, Alkaline, Miocene, Dike systemAbstract
In NE Brazil, small-scale volcanic systems constitute a N-S directed ca. 200 km long tectono-magmatic province, the Macau-Queimadas Alignment, composed of mafic alkaline volcanic rocks. The aim of this research was to characterize the petrogenesis and emplacement mechanism of one of these occurrences in the southern border of the Potiguar Basin through field geology, petrography, and whole-rock geochemistry. In the study area, crop out three volcanic bodies with contrasting geometries. The most expressive one has tectonically controlled magmatic emplacement, generating a system of dykes in the NNW-SSE and NE-SW directions. Petrographically, the set shows shallow volcanic and intrusive features, consisting of olivine basalts and nepheline microgabbros. The textural facies observed indicate final cooling at shallow crustal depths of silica-undersaturated alkaline magma, leading to formation of basanites, melanephelinites, and olivine basalts. Geochemical data show that these rocks are relatively primitive (Mg# = 65–79) with low SiO2 (39–43%) and high MgO (12–19%) and Ni (> 200 ppm). They display enrichment in light rare earth (LaN/YbN ~ 35–17) and incompatible elements, with negative anomalies of Rb, K, and Hf. Mass balance modeling of oxides and simulations with MELTs suggests ~ 64% fractional crystallization and a cumulate composed by olivine, melilite, nepheline, magnetite, apatite, and perovskite. Batch melting modeling for trace element indicate low degrees (< 5%) of elting of an incompatibleenriched garnet-bearing lherzolite source with minor amounts of amphibole and/or phlogopite. Instabilities of local stress fields during the Miocene reactivated pre-existing structures that favored channeling and flow of mantle-derived magma as well as their emplacement in high-crustal levels or even at the surface.
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